What is a report?
› A report is the write-up of an investigation.
It sets out:
› why the investigation took place;
› how it was carried out;
› what the findings were;
› what action is recommended as a result.
as a student you will probably need to write one at the end of a practical or research
project.
in employment a report is used for the same purpose. It is:
‘a communication... from a person who has collected and studied the facts,
to a person who has asked for the report because they need it for a specific
purpose’. (Stanton, 1990)
How is a report different
from an essay?
in purpose A report needs to finish with clear recommendations about what action
is suggested as a result of the findings.
An essay is unlikely to need such an important and emphatic conclusion,
(depending on its title).
in structure A report has headed and numbered sections so that any item in it may
be found quickly, and read separately. Information which is not vital to
an understanding of the report is included in an appendix at the end.
An essay is written in continuous prose, and is meant to be read from
beginning to end because that is the way its theme develops.
in style A report is written in the third person (avoiding ‘I’, ‘we’ and ‘you’). Its
style is direct and brief because it needs to be read quickly.
It is written in the passive voice, e.g.
› ‘The survey was carried out’, not,
› ‘I carried out the survey’.
An essay, too, is formal and usually written in the third person, but there
might be times when a more personal approach is needed.
Unless you have been given specific instructions, it’s a good idea to follow
the generally accepted standard structure.
Alternatively, you may be given a ‘house-style’ to follow. This is often the
case in employment, where organisations have evolved formats which suit
their purpose.
focus on report writing
what is a report?
Either way, the information needs to be organised logically.
The standard structure has these sections, in this order:
› title page
› summary
› contents page
› introduction
› main body of text (with sections/chapters to suit your material)
› conclusion
› recommendations
› bibliography, if appropriate
› appendix/appendices
› A report is the write-up of an investigation.
It sets out:
› why the investigation took place;
› how it was carried out;
› what the findings were;
› what action is recommended as a result.
as a student you will probably need to write one at the end of a practical or research
project.
in employment a report is used for the same purpose. It is:
‘a communication... from a person who has collected and studied the facts,
to a person who has asked for the report because they need it for a specific
purpose’. (Stanton, 1990)
How is a report different
from an essay?
in purpose A report needs to finish with clear recommendations about what action
is suggested as a result of the findings.
An essay is unlikely to need such an important and emphatic conclusion,
(depending on its title).
in structure A report has headed and numbered sections so that any item in it may
be found quickly, and read separately. Information which is not vital to
an understanding of the report is included in an appendix at the end.
An essay is written in continuous prose, and is meant to be read from
beginning to end because that is the way its theme develops.
in style A report is written in the third person (avoiding ‘I’, ‘we’ and ‘you’). Its
style is direct and brief because it needs to be read quickly.
It is written in the passive voice, e.g.
› ‘The survey was carried out’, not,
› ‘I carried out the survey’.
An essay, too, is formal and usually written in the third person, but there
might be times when a more personal approach is needed.
Unless you have been given specific instructions, it’s a good idea to follow
the generally accepted standard structure.
Alternatively, you may be given a ‘house-style’ to follow. This is often the
case in employment, where organisations have evolved formats which suit
their purpose.
focus on report writing
what is a report?
Either way, the information needs to be organised logically.
The standard structure has these sections, in this order:
› title page
› summary
› contents page
› introduction
› main body of text (with sections/chapters to suit your material)
› conclusion
› recommendations
› bibliography, if appropriate
› appendix/appendices
November 30th, 2009, 01:22 AM
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيممتى تحتاج تكتب تقرير ?
كتابة التقارير مهمة في نهاية (مشروع بحثي )عادة
اتمنى لكمم اوقات مفيدة
تمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق