كتابة التقرير نبذة تمهيدية

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

متى تحتاج تكتب تقرير ?
كتابة التقارير مهمة في نهاية (مشروع بحثي )عادة

اتمنى لكمم اوقات مفيدة
تمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق

اقتباس:

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What is a report?

› A report is the write-up of an investigation.

It sets out:

› why the investigation took place;

› how it was carried out;

› what the findings were;

› what action is recommended as a result.

as a student you will probably need to write one at the end of a practical or research

project.

in employment a report is used for the same purpose. It is:

‘a communication... from a person who has collected and studied the facts,

to a person who has asked for the report because they need it for a specific

purpose’. (Stanton, 1990)

How is a report different

from an essay?

in purpose A report needs to finish with clear recommendations about what action

is suggested as a result of the findings.

An essay is unlikely to need such an important and emphatic conclusion,

(depending on its title).

in structure A report has headed and numbered sections so that any item in it may

be found quickly, and read separately. Information which is not vital to

an understanding of the report is included in an appendix at the end.

An essay is written in continuous prose, and is meant to be read from

beginning to end because that is the way its theme develops.

in style A report is written in the third person (avoiding ‘I’, ‘we’ and ‘you’). Its

style is direct and brief because it needs to be read quickly.

It is written in the passive voice, e.g.

› ‘The survey was carried out’, not,

› ‘I carried out the survey’.

An essay, too, is formal and usually written in the third person, but there

might be times when a more personal approach is needed.

Unless you have been given specific instructions, it’s a good idea to follow

the generally accepted standard structure.

Alternatively, you may be given a ‘house-style’ to follow. This is often the

case in employment, where organisations have evolved formats which suit

their purpose.

focus on report writing

what is a report?

Either way, the information needs to be organised logically.

The standard structure has these sections, in this order:

› title page

› summary

› contents page

› introduction

› main body of text (with sections/chapters to suit your material)

› conclusion

› recommendations

› bibliography, if appropriate

› appendix/appendices

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